WORLD WAR II REVIEW - Commack Schools _4... · 2019. 6. 13. · U.S. enters WWII Germany invaded Poland Munich Conference Hitler invaded Czech. Hitler invaded Austria. 8th Grade Review - [PDF Document] (2024)

8thGradeReviewpacketfinalreviewPDFANSWERS2017.notebook

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WORLD WAR II REVIEWTOTALITARIAN STATE: A single party controls the government and every aspect of people's lives. Citizens must obey the government without question. Criticism of the government is severely punished.

Country TypeofGovernment Leader

Germany Nazism:NationalSocialistGermanWorker'sParty. AdolfHitler

SovietUnion Communism:Allwealthandpropertyareownedbythestate.

JosephStalin

Italy

Fascism:Politicalsystemthatisrootedinmilitarism,extremenationalism,andblindloyaltytothestate.

BenitoMussolini

Japan

MILITARYDICTATORSHIPLikeHitler,Japan'sleaderspreachedracialsuperiority,believingthattheJapanesewerepurerthan,andsuperiorto,otherAsiansaswellasnon­Asians.

EmperorHirohito

8thGradeReviewpacketfinalreviewPDFANSWERS2017.notebook

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Place the events from the bank into the proper order in the flowchart.

Germany invaded Poland

Munich Conference

Hitler invaded Austria

Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia

PEARL HARBOR ATTACK ON DECEMBER 7, 1941

­U.S.involvementinPacific(oilembargo,stopJap.invasionofChina)

­U.S.entersWWII

GermanyinvadedPoland

MunichConference

HitlerinvadedCzech.

HitlerinvadedAustria

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Rationing: limitations on the amounts of certain goods that people could buy.Victory Gardens: Americans planted Victory Gardens to help combat food shortages.

Purchased War Bonds

5 million women entered the work force,working in offices, factories, and as bus drivers, police officers and gas station attendants.

After Pearl Harbor, people questioned loyalty of Jap. Americans. Some feared they were spies. No evidence of disloyalty existed.

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Why was it a turning point?

‐AmericannavalvictoryovertheJapanese‐DamagedJapaneseabilitytotakeovermorepacificislands‐KeptJapanfromattackingHawaiiagain.

­AmericannavalvictoryovertheJapanese­DamagedJapaneseabilitytotakeovermorepacificislands­KeptJapanfromattackingHawaiiagain.

­openedasecondfrontinthewarinEurope

­AlliesretookFrancefromNazicontrolandeventuallyretookallofEurope

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Island HoppingAllies captured some Japanese-held islands. Each island became a stepping stone towards Japan.

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Give three reasons for usingthe atomic bomb on Japan

Give three reasons against using the atomic bomb on Japan

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WhatwasPresidentTruman’sDecision?

Innocentcivilianscouldbekilledand/orsuffereffectsofradiation.

PossiblemassdestructionandhighdeathtollinHiroshimaandNagasaki.

Beganthenucleararmsrace.

AtomicBombcould=quickendtoWWII

Jap.refusedtosurrender.Considereddishonorable.

InvadingJapancould=highU.S.casualties

Trumanchosetodroptwoatomicbombs.OneonHiroshimaandoneonNagasaki

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ResultsoftheWar:

What was the outcome of the Nuremburg Trials?

What was the effect of the use of the Atomic bomb on Japan?

Naziofficialswerechargedwithwarcrimes&crimesagainsthumanity

nationalleadersheldresponsibleforcrimesagainsthumanity

100,000+diedfromblast,manymorelaterdiedfromeffectsofatomicradiation

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Cold War Review

The Cold War in EuropeIRON CURTAIN: Churchill’s use of the term became a popular way of describing the conflict between the democratic nations of the West and the Soviet Union and the Communist—controlled nations of Eastern Europe.

Berlin Airlift: The Western Allies initiated the Berlin Airlift to airlift tons of supplies to the people of West Berlin after Soviets blockade all of Berlin.

TRUMAN DOCTRINE: Announcement made by President Truman in 1947 that the United States would support any country that was fighting Communism. This was part of the idea of CONTAINMENT

MARSHALL PLAN - The U.S. would provide money to help the nations of Western Europe rebuild after WWII to help them resist communism (containment).

8thGradeReviewpacketfinalreviewPDFANSWERS2017.notebook

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Please use the following terms when bulleting what you know about the Korean War (China, 38° parallel, United Nations, Dwight Eisenhower, North Korea, South Korea).

o

o

o

o

The Korean War

38 Parallel: Border between North and South Korea. A demilitarized zone (DMZ), an area with no military forces, exists here.

United Nations: World organization established in 1945 to provide peaceful resolutions to international conflicts.

Dwight Eisenhower: Elected Pres. of the U.S. in 1952. Worked for peace talks between North and South Korea.

North Korea (Communist) invades South Korea (Democratic) to make all of Korea communist.

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The Cuban Missile CrisisPlease use the following terms when bulleting what you know about the CubanMissile Crisis (Soviet Union, Missiles, Blockade, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro).

The Soviet Union, led by Nikita Khrushchev, was secretly building missiles bases in Cuba. If completed, atomic missiles could reach American cities within minutes.U.S. President John F. Kennedy announced that American warships would blockade Cuba and stop any Soviet ships to search for missiles.

Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba, making it a communist nation and an ally of S.U.

Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade Cuba as well as remove their missiles from Turkey.

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The Vietnam WarPlease use the following terms when bulleting what you know about the Vietnam War(domino theory, escalation, Gulf of Tonkin incident, Tet Offensive, Vietcong, Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnam, South Vietnam).

Domino Theory: Belief that if South Vietnam fell to communism, other countries in the region would follow.

Escalation: Expanded

Gulf of Tonkin Incident: North Vietnamese boats torpedo American patrol ships. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed the President to use military force without Congress' permission. This escalated the war in Vietnam, allowing U.S. military involvement.

Tet Offensive: 1968, the Vietcong launched surprise attacks on cities throughout South Vietnam. Guerrillas stormed the American embassy in Saigon, capital of South Vietnam. Turning point in Vietnam was as U.S. realizes their inability to stop Communism in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Mihn (Communist leader of North Vietnam) invades South Vietnam to make all of Vietnam Communist.

The Vietcong were Communist guerrillas from South Vietnam who supported North Vietnam during the war.

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The Cold War at HomePlease use the following terms when bulleting what you know about the Cold War in the U.S. (“duck and cover”, Red Scare, bomb shelter).

Duck and Cover: propaganda campaign used by the U.S. government, people were instructed to "duck and cover" in the event of a nuclear attack.

Red Scare: Fear that Communist sympathizers and spies might be secretly working to overthrow the U.S. government. These concerns helped spark a hunt for Communists within American society (McCarthyism).

Bomb shelter: Americans were encouraged to built bomb shelters incase of an nuclear attack and fallout.

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Reconstruction: Reuniting the Country (1865-1877) In 1865, the Civil War ended. The Confederacy surrendered and the nation would be reunited. The war ended slavery and reunited the North and the South. After the war, the nation faced the task of rebuilding the ___________ —a region ruined by war. Beginning in 1865, three amendments were ratified that changed the Constitution. These amendments are known as the “Civil War,” or “Reconstruction” amendments. The _____ amendment abolished slavery, the _____ amendment guaranteed citizenship and the _____ amendment guaranteed African American males the right to vote. White southern leaders wanted to keep African Americans from voting. Because of the 15th amendment, however, they could not make a law specifically stating that African Americans could not _________. They made other laws, however, that would have the same effect.

The _________________required that southerners pay to vote. Many African Americans in the south were poor and could not afford to pay it. Many southern governments required that voters pass a __________________ in order to vote. Many African Americans could not read well and did not pass the tests. were, of course, white people who could not afford the poll taxes or pass the literacy tests. Whites bypassed the tax and the test, however, because of the _________________________. This stated that anyone whose grandfather voted had the right to vote without paying a tax or passing a test. This would not work for African Americans because most of their grandfathers had been ____________ and not able to ___________. These laws kept African Americans in the South from voting for nearly a century. During the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s, these laws were finally overturned.

Southern states also created a network of laws requiring _________________, or enforced separation of races. These so-called Jim Crow laws prohibited the mixing of races in almost every aspect of life. In the 1896 court case __________________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a law could require “separate” facilities, so long as they were “equal.” This “separate but ___________” rule was in effect until the 1950s. In fact, facilities for African Americans were rarely equal.

13th14th 15th

votePollTax

literacytest

GrandfatherClause

slaves vote

segregation

PlessyV.Ferguson

equal

south

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Unconstitutional

LittleRockNine

MLK

"IHaveADream"Speech

VotingRights

LiteracyPoll

RosaParks

BoycottMontgomery,Alabama

Segregation

VOTERS

Literacy

BrownBoardofEd.

CivilRightsAct

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The Civil Rights MovementResponse Questions

1. In what ways have African Americans been denied equal rights?

2. What methods did civil rights leaders use to attempt to end segregation in the 1950’s and 1960’s?

3. How has the federal government tried to end inequality faced by African Americans since 1950?

AlthoughAfricanAmericansweregivenConstitutionalrightsafterReconstruction,the13th(endingslavery),14th(citizenshipandequalprotection)and15thAmendment(righttovote),AfricanAmericanswerelongdeniedtheserightsuntilthelate1950sand1960s.SomewaysinwhichtheyweredeniedtheirrightsweretheJimCrowLaws.TheselawsdiscriminatedagainstAfricanAmericanspreventingthemfromvoting,andsegregatingtheminpublicfacilities.(polltaxes,literacytests,andthegrandfatherclausearesomeexamplesofJimCrowLaws)

b)LittleRockNine(1957)c)RosaParksandtheMontgomeryBusBoycotts(1955‐’56)d)LunchCounterSit‐Ins(1955‐’56)e)FreedomRiders(1960s)e)MarchonWashingtonandM.L.King’sIhaveaDreamspeech(1964)

Seethemostrecentstudyguide

andnotesforinformationon

each

a)Brownvs.BoardofEducation(1954)f)CivilRightsAct(1964)g)VotingRightsAct(1965)

Seethemostrecentstudyguide

andnotesforinformationon

each

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1972‐RichardNixonwascampaigningforreelection,andwasfound(throughsecrettaperecordings)tobepartofthebreakintotheDemocraticCommitteeHeadquartersattheWatergateHotel.ThePresidenttriedtocoverupthetruthabouttheWatergatebreak‐in.Thiswaslatercalled“TheWatergateScandal.”

NixonlostallofhissupportandresignedonAugust9,1974toavoidimpeachment.HeistheonlyU.S.presidenttoresignfromoffice.

OnSeptember8,1974,GeraldFordpardonedRichardNixonforhisparticipationinWatergatetohelpthecountryhealfromthescandal.

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